What Type of Seed Is Best for Feeding Birds?
Feeding backyard birds is one of the simplest and most rewarding ways to enjoy nature up close. But with so many types of bird seed on the market — from sunflower to safflower, millet, nyjer, and more — it can be tricky to know which ones will attract the widest variety of feathered visitors.
Choosing the right seed mix makes all the difference in who shows up at your feeders and how healthy they’ll be. Let’s look at the most popular types of bird seed and what birds each one attracts.
1. Black Oil Sunflower Seed: The All-Around Favorite
If you only choose one seed, make it black oil sunflower. It’s high in fat, rich in nutrients, and easy for most birds to crack open. The thin shell makes it perfect for both large and small birds.
Birds that love it: Cardinals, chickadees, finches, nuthatches, sparrows, titmice, and woodpeckers.
Best for: Tube feeders, hopper feeders, and platform feeders.
2. Striped Sunflower Seed: Great for Bigger Birds
Striped sunflower seeds have thicker shells than black oil varieties. While smaller birds might struggle to open them, larger species will happily work for the reward.
Birds that love it: Jays, grosbeaks, woodpeckers, and cardinals.
Tip: If squirrels are stealing your seed, try offering striped sunflower — it’s harder for them to chew.
3. Safflower Seed: A Smart Choice for Deterring Pests
Safflower seeds have a slightly bitter taste that squirrels and blackbirds tend to avoid — but many songbirds enjoy them.
Birds that love it: Cardinals, chickadees, titmice, and nuthatches.
Bonus: Great option for neighborhoods where squirrels dominate the feeders.
4. Nyjer (Thistle) Seed: Perfect for Finches
Tiny but mighty, nyjer seed is a favorite of small finches and other seed-eating songbirds. It’s packed with oil and calories to help birds stay warm in winter.
Birds that love it: Goldfinches, siskins, and redpolls.
Best for: Special nyjer feeders with small holes that prevent waste.
5. White Proso Millet: A Ground-Feeding Favorite
Millet is a budget-friendly seed that attracts many ground-feeding species. Spread it on low platforms or directly on the ground for the best results.
Birds that love it: Doves, sparrows, juncos, and towhees.
Avoid: Red millet or milo — most songbirds leave it behind.
6. Peanuts: High-Energy and Protein-Rich
Shelled or unshelled peanuts are excellent sources of protein and fat, especially during winter. Offer them in a mesh feeder to prevent mold.
Birds that love it: Woodpeckers, nuthatches, chickadees, jays, and titmice.
Pro tip: Skip salted or flavored peanuts — always choose unsalted, natural varieties.
7. Suet and Mixed Seed Cakes: Ideal for Cold Weather
While not technically “seed,” suet cakes and seed blends pressed into blocks are great for winter feeding. They provide quick energy and can attract insect-eating species that don’t usually visit seed feeders.
Birds that love it: Woodpeckers, wrens, nuthatches, and chickadees.
8. Custom Mixes: Match the Feed to Your Region
The best bird seed mix depends on your location and season. In cold climates, choose high-fat blends with sunflower and peanuts. In the South, focus on lighter blends with millet, safflower, and nyjer to attract colorful songbirds.
Whenever possible, choose clean, chemical-free seed from reputable suppliers to ensure birds stay healthy and feeders stay fresh.
The best way to attract a variety of birds is to offer several types of seed in different feeders. Start with black oil sunflower, then add nyjer for finches and safflower to deter pests. Over time, you’ll discover which seeds your local birds love most.
Feeding birds isn’t just about what’s in the feeder — it’s about creating a welcoming, safe, and nourishing space for nature to thrive right in your backyard.
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